Download Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia (A Nation Divided: Studies in the Civil War Era)
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Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia (A Nation Divided: Studies in the Civil War Era)
Download Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia (A Nation Divided: Studies in the Civil War Era)
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From Publishers Weekly
This exhaustively researched treatise will shatter some rose-tinted ideas about African American participation in the Civil War. Though original sources are incomplete and most written by whites, Jordan (Charlottesville and the University of Virginia in the Civil War) pieces together an astonishing portrait of slaves and free blacks in pre-and post-War Virginia. Of the 3.65 million blacks in the South, one in every six lived in Virginia, "a breeder state" where dealers boasted "Slavery is our business and business is good." By classifying blacks as Afro-Virginians, Afro-Yankees or Afro-Confederates, Jordan explores one of the War's most vexing questions: Why did some slaves and free blacks join the Confederate Army? Those "who boasted the loudest of their desire to fight Yankees," Jordan believes, "did so... in hopes of obtaining privileges within the confines of slavery." In fact, in Virginia the most revered slaves, body servants, did triumph by fighting Yankees-in 1924, that state provided for pensions to those body servants, hostlers, teamsters, cooks who "rendered service to the Confederacy." That $25 annual pension was paid to heirs as late as the 1950s. Yet perhaps most shocking is what Jordan calls the "Confederate paradox of humanity and inhumanity to blacks," like providing excellent medical care for enlisted men while making it legal to whip or execute slaves or free blacks for not showing proper respect, praying without permission or gathering in groups of more than five. Some slaves were allowed to purchase themselves, earn wages and own land, yet they could be lynched for "eyeball rape." "African-American history is not for the squeamish," Jordan says in his preface, and he is right. But Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees should be read by everyone, as a corrective to simplistic moralizing interpretations of the legacy of the Civil War. Photos. Copyright 1994 Reed Business Information, Inc.
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Review
Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia is the first comprehensive study of Civil War Afro-Virginian history and culture. Through it we witness every aspect of black life: slave and free; rural and urban; homefront and battlefield; at work on plantations but also in munitions factories in Richmond; as wartime Union spies and as soldiers in the confederate army. Ervin Jordan has searched from Vermont to Texas and ferreted out forgotten letters, newspaper accounts of the time, oral narratives, speeches, and autobiographies. These primary research materials reveal how African-Americans contributed to the rise and fall of the Old South and show the variety of roles they played, from soldiering, teaching, and preaching to escaping, resisting, surviving, and building. Jordan explores such issues as the roles of free blacks and how they preserved their freedom in a slave society and became important members of their wartime communities; Union officers and enlisted men selling blacks to the North as house servants or military substitutes; and Robert E. Lee's personally freeing two hundred slaves during the war. He examines pension laws enacted on behalf of body servants, black women's self-determination, and the black family; sex and sexual racism, education and religion, runaway slaves and slave resistance; the legal system; and urban and plantation labor. Black Confederates and Afro-Yankees in Civil War Virginia presents one of the most compete pictures ever put together of African-American life (slave and free) in any state before, during, and immediately after the Civil War. --Midwest Book Review
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Product details
Series: A Nation Divided: Studies in the Civil War Era
Paperback: 476 pages
Publisher: University of Virginia Press (January 29, 1995)
Language: English
ISBN-10: 0813915457
ISBN-13: 978-0813915456
Product Dimensions:
6 x 1.1 x 9 inches
Shipping Weight: 1.4 pounds (View shipping rates and policies)
Average Customer Review:
3.5 out of 5 stars
12 customer reviews
Amazon Best Sellers Rank:
#636,329 in Books (See Top 100 in Books)
Great Book!! Very important and easy to read book. Great for any historian!!
Good
I have not read the book fully
very good book that sheds some insight in to Black Confederate Soldiers. It was first published in 1995. As another reviewer stated the editing could have been better but other than that it was pretty good. This is a good place to start if you are looking to find out more about minorities in the Confederate army. There are better books out there on the subject but this is one is good if you get it at a good price.
Jordan is to be congratulated for his wide-ranging research and for taking steps to address historical issues that tread on politically correct toes. Unfortunately, this is not a finished work of history. It is perfunctorily written, and the chapters are poorly organized. It contains some excellent information, but it is not a book for the casual reader or even the casual Civil War buff.The antebellum South, and the Confederacy it spawned, was a complex place -- 9 million individuals, white and black, whose support of, opposition to, or acceptance of slavery and secession stemmed from a thousand different motives. If one can generalize about the slave South, it is to say that an attitude of white supremacy and black inferiority prevailed among its white citizens (as it did in the North); and that African-Americans, both slave and free, who lived in the slave states were subjected to a stifling degree of legal control by slave owners and state governments. Jordan goes over these two major points -- already familiar to students of the era -- in the first section of the book, "Uncertain Trumpet." The breadth of his research is commendable, but his technique of relating it is a bit numbing; a string of paragraphs, each a topic sentence and several redundant supporting anecdotes, is hardly historical analysis, much less a readable narrative. Some of the anecdotes are powerful -- e.g., a slave mother is haunted by the sound of her owner's piano, purchased with the proceeds from the sale of the slave's daughter -- and the author would have done better to concentrate on those, to examine their meaning more closely.The most controversial parts of the book are in the second half ("Give Us a Flag") and deal with black Virginians who served the Confederate cause either by taking up arms in its defense or voluntarily supporting the white soldiers who did. As have many other authors (including Confederate apologists who continue to deny that the Civil War and the Confederacy were essentially about slavery and racism), Jordan cites numerous anecdotes about black Virginians fighting with Rebel forces or serving as cooks, teamsters, servants, musicians, laborers, and in other noncombatant roles in the Confederate armies and government. He also supplies a fair amount of anecdotal evidence for a deep split among white Southerners over the propriety of arming slaves. Even as the Confederacy was sliding to destruction in the spring of 1865, many whites were adamantly opposed to the tardy steps taken by the Confederate congress to organize black fighting units. This ongoing opposition from all corners of the Confederacy -- not to mention the overall pattern of racism and subjugation of blacks in Civil War America -- calls into serious question the value of the anecdotal evidence often cited to "prove" widespread African-American support for the Southern cause, because it implies widespread white gratitude for this support. Examining this topic alone would have been a worthwhile book. As other reviewers here state, Jordan could have done a much more thorough job in testing this anecdotal evidence.There seems to be little question that some African-Americans supported the Confederate war effort, including military service, even before 1865. But to what extent? To what military effect? Did the arming of some slaves, or the volunteering of some blacks for military or quasi-military duty, have any widespread impact on the racial and political attitudes of white Southerners? Were these "Afro-Confederates" genuine Southern patriots, or infrequent exceptions to the repressive laws of racism and slavery, or simply black men and women who sought to ingratiate themselves with their white owners and the white community? These are questions that Jordan raises in this book, and that's a start. I hope he'll spend some time and a couple of other books trying to answer them.
It's not an impressive work. One portion of the book is a standard overview of slavery in Virginia, drawn from secondary or much-used primary sources. The second portion discusses alleged "black Confederates" in the South, and uncritically accepts every rumor, alleged sighting, and unsupported account of mostly mythical "black Confederates." Never once does the author engage any critical faculties in looking at such accounts, nor does he explain how it is that none of these "black Confederates" show up in the records of the Confederacy, as opposed to ostensible sightings recorded by Union war correspondents, etc.An old saying fits the book well: "What is good in it is not original, and what is original in it is not good."
The book is informative. I could have given it it three stars, as it sometimes seems to ramble. It is a fresh breath into an obscure, yet interesting topic of the Civil War that in my opinion, is wothy of future exploration. Based off of this freshness and a lack of exploration on this topic, it is a good read.
Jordan has penned a well researched and accurate portrayal of non-white sentiment during the War Between the States, most refreshing in this politically correct era when some want to revise history. Painting the Confederacy as an entirely racist nation and all CSA soldiers as slavery fighters not only does a disservice to the men in arms, but to the thousands of "Confederates of Color" who served the southern cause with weapons and support from 1861-1865. The rebel gray clothed many shades of skin, and Jordan has brought their contributions to history, as well as to the southern cause, to the attention of a new era. An excellent, well written addition to the historian's or buff's library.
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